Property Insurance
Fire Insurance
The importance of having a fire insurance policy cannot be over emphasized. Let’s face it; no one can accurately predict when something tragic or unavoidable will happen to one’s property. A major fire is a disaster for a business and many companies never recover. Fire Insurance covers your office’s structure and contents not only against the risk of fire but also other perils like lightning, flood, storm, earthquake, riots etc. Till recently, the fire insurance was governed by Tariff Advisory Committee which was responsible for fixing the rates for different types of risks. But from Jan 1, 2008, the fire business was detariffed and now the premium rates differ from insurer to insurer. It is one of the common policies taken by most business houses. An aspect to be reviewed here is the adequacy of sum insured proposed for insurance.
Burglary Insurance
It’s not something you want to think about, but what would happen if a burglar cleans out your inventory? That’s where the burglary insurance policy chips in. This policy covers property contained in business premises, stocks owned or held in trust against the risk of burglary. It also covers cash, valuables, securities kept in a locked safe or cash box in locked steel cupboard on specific request..
Machinery Breakdown (MBD) Insurance
Electronic Equipment Insurance (EEI)
Money Insurance
Almost all businesses handle cash, cheques, and bankers’ drafts, making this form of insurance essential. Money Insurance
- Covers money while in transit in the personal custody of the insured or his employee,
- Covers money in premises during business hours,
- Covers money in a safe or strong room outside business hours.
All Risks Insurance
This policy covers valuables like Jewellery, ornaments, paintings, work of art, and similar artifacts of sentimental values. The policy provides cover on a wide basis and covers loss or damage due to fire, riot & strike, burglary, house breaking, theft and accidental loss or damage. Cover is not freely granted on account of its vulnerability to losses and moral hazard.
Office Package Policy
We recognise that your office is more than a place to put desks and equipment – it’s at the heart of your business. Similarly, an office package policy is the heart of a commercial insurance program. As the name suggests, it is a comprehensive package of different insurance policies that provide flexibility and cover for various contingencies. Opting for this will save you the hassle of arranging different policies for fire, burglary, machinery breakdown etc. It will also give you better control in managing your insurance portfolio.
Contractor’s Plant & Machinery (CPM) Insurance
This is an All Risk policy covering the plant and machinery of a contractor at specified work sites. The contractor’s machinery is generally used under rough conditions and so is more vulnerable to damage. Breakdown of such machinery can jeopardize the completion of a project and put many other things at stake. The CPM Policy is designed for all such situations and will assist in protecting you against the sudden and unforeseen physical loss or damage to your plant and machinery. It covers all kinds of construction equipment like compressors, heavy duty cranes, boring machines, bulldozers, pipe jacking, and hauling equipment, excavators, loaders, road rollers etc.
Contractor’s All Risk Insurance
Erection All Risk Insurance
The basic concept of Erection All Risk insurance is to offer a comprehensive protection against ‘All Risks’ involved in erection. This is now an indispensable and integral part of any project – be it Greenfield or Expansion. Erection All Risk is a comprehensive insurance policy designed to cover all sorts of contingencies arising right from the moment the materials are unloaded at the project site.
The cover continues during the entire period until the project is tested, commissioned and handed over. Erection All Risks Insurance is also known as Storage cum Erection Insurance. The scope of cover is on all risk basis. The policy has two sections namely Section I – Material Damage and Section II – Third Party Liability. Cross Liability between the various parties named as insured’s under the policy can also be insured.
Industrial All Risk Insurance
Motor Insurance
Marine Insurance
Marine Cargo
Marine Insurance is the oldest form of insurance in the world. Though the name indicates that the policy covers the transit of goods only by waterways, it is not so. It covers transportation of goods by rail, road, air as well as couriers. During this entire process of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, the goods are exposed to a large number of perils. Goods are often lost or damaged due to the operation of these hazards and there is a financial loss to the exporter/ importer. It is this loss that is taken care of by marine cargo insurance or what is more popularly known as transit insurance.
This policy covers all goods while in transit depending upon the needs of the insured. Three broad types of cover are available-Institute Cargo Clauses “A”, “B”, “C”. Institute Cargo Clause “A” is the widest cover that is available on an all risks basis.
Marine Sales Turnover Policy
Marine policies are generally either “specific-voyage” policies or “declaration” policies for either imports, exports, indigenous transits of raw material or finished goods, customs duty, transits from anywhere to anywhere in the world and to and from job works. While for a specific policy, the cover is issued from commencement to landing at the final destination, the other policies are generally continuous policies issued on an annual basis or for a specified period of time for an agreed value of transits based on the insured’s estimate of goods movement for the specified period. It is mandatory for all transits in the agreed period to be declared.
There have been operational lapses resulting in claims getting repudiated for declarations not made or insufficient balance of Sum insured at the time of claim and many a client has been caught unaware. Discovering that a particular damaged or lost consignment was unfortunately not covered, and hence the claim not payable, can be very frustrating for an otherwise diligent Insured.
In this context, a marine turnover policy has come in as a blessing for companies. It covers a company’s sales turnover unlike the other marine open policies which cover the value of goods which are offered for insurance. The company’s annual estimated turnover can be covered as a single amount and all a company needs to do is to provide sales turnover figures periodically to the insurance company (usually quarterly). All the requirements of a company’s Marine policies can be met by a single comprehensive policy.
Marine Hull
Marine Hull insurance covers nearly everything that floats and moves, starting with rowing boat to huge ocean going tankers. It covers loss or damage to hull and machinery. The hull is the structure of the vessel. Machinery is the equipment that generates the power to move the vessel and control the lighting and temperature system such as boiler, engine, cooler and electricity generator. Just as a motor insurance policy is taken to cover the vehicles plying on the road, similarly a marine hull policy is taken to cover the vessels.
Liability Insurance
Worker’s Compensation
Did you know it is a legal requirement for all businesses in India that employ workmen to take out Workmen’s Compensation insurance policy? This insurance ensures that all employees are protected if they are injured, killed or contract a disease during the course of their work.
Workers compensation insurance pays benefits to a worker who incurs a job-related injury or illness. For purposes of workers’ compensation, an injury is deemed to be job-related when it arises out of employment activities and when it occurs in the course of employment. Liability to employees under the Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923, Fatal Accidents Act 1855 and at Common Law is covered under this policy. Workers compensation insurance assures that injured workers get medical care and compensation for a portion of the income they lose while they are unable to return to work.
Public Liability Insurance
Public liability insurance protects you and your business against the financial risk of being found liable to a third party for death or injury, loss or damage of property or ‘pure economic’ loss resulting from your negligence. The legal cost and expenses incurred in defending the case with prior consent of the insurance company are also payable subject to certain terms and conditions. This type of insurance will only cover third party claims (i.e. not your own employees).
The policy offers a benefit of Retroactive period on continuous renewal of policy whereby claims reported in subsequent renewal but pertaining to earlier period after first inception of the policy, also become payable. This is a mandatory policy to be taken by owners, users or transporters of hazardous substance as defined under Environment (Protection) Act 1986 in excess of the minimum quantity specified under the Public Liability Insurance Act 1991.
Professional Indemnity
It’s the kind of insurance that protects your business from financially crippling and often reputation-damaging claims by unhappy clients. Professional indemnity insurance, also known as Errors and Omissions (E&O) insurance, is the insurance that covers your company, or you individually, in the event that a client holds you responsible for a service you provided, or failed to provide, that did not have the expected or promised results. Professional indemnity insurance protects you from legal action taken for losses incurred as a result of your advice. It provides indemnity cover if your client suffers a loss – either material, financial or physical – directly attributed to negligent acts.
Below we list some of the danger areas your business could be exposed to:
- Negligence: or breach of duty of care
- Intellectual property: unintentionally infringing on others’ copyrights, trademarks, broadcasting rights, any act of passing off
- Loss of documents/data: damaged, lost or stolen data and documents belonging to your clients This policy is suitable for doctors, lawyers, accountants, architects, engineers, brokers, consultants, advertising agencies etc.
Product Liability
Commercial General Liability Insurance
Owning and operating a business comes with plenty of responsibility and accountability. In today’s uncertain world, technology and case law are constantly changing the liability landscape. Even if you operate with the utmost care, sometimes things do go wrong.
Under a general liability insurance policy, the insurer is obligated to pay the legal costs of a business in a covered liability claim or lawsuit. This policy offers the option of protection for bodily injury, property damage, advertising injury (damage from slander or false advertising) and personal injury to a third party for which a company is found to be legally liable.
The insurance company also covers compensatory and general damages. General liability insurance policies always state a maximum amount that the insurer will pay during the policy period.
Director’s & Officers Liability Insurance (D&O)
In recent years, directors and officers liability insurance has become a core component of corporate insurance. As many as 95% of Fortune 500 companies maintain directors and officers (“D&O”) liability insurance today. Publicly held companies have two to three times as many claims made against their directors and officers than privately or closely held companies. At its most basic, D&O insurance protects directors and officers against legal claims for wrongful acts performed by them and connected to their corporate positions.
Wrongful acts include omissions, errors, misstatements, misleading statements, neglect or breach of duty. Beneficiaries are the directors, officers or the corporation itself. Suits can be bought for various reasons. Shareholders might sue for insider trading. Creditors might sue for misrepresenting the financial health of the company. Competitors might sue for anti-trust or unfair trade practices.
Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance (D&O) offers your individual directors and officers the protection and security they need from suits arising out of wrongful acts committed or allegedly committed in their capacity.
Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI)
The number of lawsuits filed by employees against their employers has been rising. While most suits are filed against large corporations, no company is immune to such lawsuits. With these numbers on the rise, it is little wonder that many companies are turning to Employment Practices Liability Insurance (“EPLI”) to manage this risk. As the name suggests, it provides protection for an employer against claims made by employees, former employees, or potential employees. It covers many kinds of employee lawsuits, including claims of:
- Sexual harassment
- Discrimination
- Wrongful termination
- Breach of employment contract
- Negligent evaluation
- Wrongful discipline
- Deprivation of career opportunity
- Wrongful infliction of emotional distress
Employers can protect themselves from these and other types of employment claims by securing EPLI coverage.
Clinical Trials Liability Insurance
Growing competition in the drugs & pharma industries is driving companies to find solutions or cures to large scale diseases or degenerative conditions. In this environment the commercial advantages to the firm that produces the first approved drug for a disease that affects a large patient population can be enormous. At the same time, the liabilities associated with trials can be significant for all of the parties involved in the trial.
All clinical trials must first be pre-approved by the regulatory body through the submission of a detailed clinical test protocol to that regulatory body. Finally, every human subject in a clinical trial must review and sign a detailed patient-informed consent document. Nonetheless, these measures may not provide absolute protection against legal liability—especially if one of them is not properly satisfied.
Failing to uphold rigorous standards for their clinical trials, sponsor companies may expose themselves to the threat of costly litigation. Clinical trials liability insurance can help protect pharmaceutical companies from some of the expenses associated with a liability lawsuit. But companies with poor risk management practices may experience difficulty obtaining such insurance, and/or may have to pay more for less protection.
Crime Insurance
As businesses embrace new technological developments, they become inadvertent hosts to advanced exposures and an entire set of new risks. Fraud involving computers is fast becoming a problem in today’s technologically enhanced society. Couple that with issues such as job insecurity and reduced company loyalty and we have an environment that increases the probability of an employee being dishonest. Whilst stringent internal controls and sound administrative and management practices help limit exposures, they can never eradicate the risk completely. That’s where a crime policy is needed.
Commercial Crime policies are now becoming increasingly popular amongst the Industry in view of 2 fold requirements – contractually imposed Insurance requirements by customers and the high cost and probability of indemnifying customers for consequential claims / losses.
Crime policies provides
- Employee Theft Coverage
- Premises Coverage
- Transit Coverage
- Depositor’s Forgery Coverage
- Computer Fraud Coverage
- Third Party Crime or Employee Dishonesty Cover
Financial Lines Insurance
Fire Loss of Profits (FLOP) Insurance
Insuring your property, buildings, fixtures and fittings, stock and equipment are obviously important but so too is the need for adequate cover for loss of profits following loss or damage at your premises. Business interruptions do happen! Apart from the direct losses that arise from a fire, there are also losses that result from the interruption of a business. If damage to your business’ premises force you to close while repairs are made, you will still need to pay employees, mortgages, leases and other debts. These ongoing expenses can mount up quickly for a business that has reduced income–or no income at all. This policy could act as a vital lifeline for businesses
You shouldn’t assume your policy includes business interruption coverage. Many business owners don’t even think about it until such coverage is needed. But remember that the cover under this policy is available only when the cover under the basic fire policy is triggered. This insurance usually is sold in tandem with property coverage. Coverage is generally provided for the “period of restoration”, which is usually considered to be the period which would be required to rebuild, repair or replace the damaged property at the described premises with reasonable speed and similar quality. It usually commences with the date of such damage or destruction and it is not usually limited by the date of expiration of the policy.
Machinery Loss of Profits Insurance
Protecting a company’s income flow has been a major cause of concern in the recent past and this has become constant source of worry for risk managers. While almost everyone is aware that insurance to a great extent helps putting back a company on its feet after the loss, it is the intangible or the consequential loss which is difficult to perceive and in several cases forces the company to shut down without even making an attempt to recover.
While a normal fire or machinery insurance policy does help the company recover the material loss sustained, it does not protect them against all the losses incurred due to the fire or breakdown. The financial loss due to the loss of profits and the standing charges still being incurred after the loss with reduced or no income now being generated is what gets covered under the machinery loss of profits insurance.
Machinery loss of profit policy gives cover against consequential losses following loss or damage to the property insured under machinery breakdown and/or boiler and pressure plant insurance. This policy covers actual financial losses suffered by the insured due to business interruption arising from:
a) Reduction in turnover and
b) Increase in cost of working
A machinery LOP policy can be purchased only in conjunction with a Machinery policy and cannot be taken as a stand alone policy. While it is a suitable means of protecting oneself completely against relevant losses, care should be taken in ascertaining the sum insured. The criticality of each machinery in the way it contributes to the overall turnover needs to be studied carefully as also the period required to get back to normal work
Delay in Start Up (DSU) / Advance Loss of Profits (ALOP)
While undertaking any project, the cash flows form a vital part of the strategy. The projections are made for the revenue flow from the date of project completion / commissioning. Invariably there may arise situations where in the entire project gets delayed due to a mishap in the project site or due to accident to the vessel carrying machinery vital to the commissioning of the plant. Both principals and contractors are being confronted with increasing financial risk exposure.
As a result of private finance, protecting the revenue stream with appropriate insurance is increasingly regarded as of equal, if not greater importance, than protecting the assets themselves.
Commonly referred to as Delay in Start-up insurance (DSU) or Advance Loss of Profits insurance (ALOP), the insurance of revenue for projects under construction has gained significant importance over the last decade or so.
What is covered?
- DSU is the terminology used by the Marine insurance market for the consequential loss risk arising from loss or damage to materials whilst in transit en – route to the contract site from the place of origin.
- ALOP similarly is the cover provided during the construction stage for consequential losses incurred in being unable to complete or commissioning the project due an insured peril.
Credit Insurance
Sweeping changes in the international political landscape and widespread market deregulation have made trade the driving force in our worldwide economy. But expanding sales and building new customer relationships can leave balance sheets vulnerable. Economic downturns, privatization of public entities and inconvertibility or non-transfer of currency can leave your customers unable to pay what they owe. And often by the time customer insolvency or credit loss
if foreseen, it’s too late to protect the company’s account receivable. Accounts receivable can make up nearly 75 percent of a company’s current assets. And like all major balance sheet assets, they require insurance protection. Are your adequately covered?
Credit Insurance provides the security companies need to compete in today’s global market.
This policy covers
- Non-payment/ Realization of Invoice due to the failure of the buyer to pay.
- Any Legal costs incurred (with prior consent of the Insurer) for Recoveries.
Specialty Lines Insurance
Weather Insurance
Wouldn’t it be nice if it were as simple as saying “Rain, rain go away, come again another day” and the weather Gods heeded? ……well, though the wish is not entirely fulfilled, now at least the damage caused by the rains or any other adverse weather conditions could be insured against. That’s what is called weather insurance.
Standard property insurance typically covers income losses only when they result from direct physical damage to insured property by a covered peril. Weather insurance fills a gap by providing coverage when weather causes a loss in income or increase in expenses, but with no attendant physical damage.
Once thought of as solely for outdoor events, weather insurance now is used by every type of business – power generating units, manufacturers, retailers, construction and most other industries to minimize the financial impact of weather on their operations. The entertainment industry is still the most frequent purchaser of weather insurance, since fair, festival and concert organizers/ promoters have a limited opportunity for their events and need protection against the most uncontrollable aspect, the weather.
Kidnap, Ransom & Extortion Insurance
World over, terrorist activities have been increasing substantially over the last few years. Kidnapping for ransom money is also on the upswing. Whilst certain countries are more notorious for their criminal and terrorist activity, today no part of the world is immune from this threat. Kidnap, Extortion and Detention are real dangers for companies today. They are, however, often overlooked by managements on the grounds that “it won’t ever happen to us”, but the damage this can inflict on a business can be very severe – as the annual roll call of corporate and individual victims around the world testifies.
While no insurance cover can ease the emotional and physical pain, Kidnap & Ransom cover can help ease the financial burden and resolve issues smoothly. Kidnap and Ransom insurance provides assistance to the family and business with regard to independent investigations, negotiations, arrangement and delivery of funds, and numerous other services vital to a safe, speedy and satisfactory resolution.
Extortion Insurance will help you manage the costs associated with an extortion threat against your products, proprietary information, computer system or your people – these costs can be enough to push a small to medium-sized company to its financial limits. Consequently, adequate protection against these events in the form of specialist advice and the safety net of an insurance policy has quickly become essential for vulnerable families and an integral part of every company’s risk management portfolio. The specific policy details may be tailored to meet specific needs. Access to a specialist crisis management company is a key benefit under the policy.
Aviation Insurance
Aviation Insurance was first introduced in the early years of the 20th Century. It is believed that the first aviation polices were underwritten by the marine insurance Underwriting community.
Aviation insurance primarily covers the “Hull” (body of the aircraft), passenger legal liability and third party loss cover. Policy price is dependent upon a large number of variables – Aircraft value, aircraft age, aircraft type, pilot experience, operational territory, intended use and liability limit will all be considered when an underwriter sets a price.
The total premium is always made up of two primary components: the hull premium and the liability premium. Aviation insurance is mandatory, and without insurance no aircraft will ever take off. Most airlines arrange “fleet policies” to cover all aircraft they own or operate.
With the entry of several low cost airlines along with fleet expansions by existing ones and increasing corporate aircraft ownership, the Indian aviation insurance market is all set to take off in a big way.
Public Offerings of Securities Insurance (POSI)
With the growing interest of FII’s in domestic equity market, several companies going for public issues are opting for a new insurance cover called Public Offerings of Securities Insurance (POSI), which would serve as a safeguard against any legal suit for wrong information in the public offer documents.
The POSI policy is a multi-year “transaction specific” policy. The exposures for the Directors and Officers as well as the Company are extremely large. Therefore a “stand – alone “policy is advisable to ensure that it is ring fenced from the insured’s ongoing Directors and Officers policy. If a company or its directors provide wrong information in the offer documents, the shareholders can file legal suits. Insurance would cover the legal costs incurred in defending civil and criminal proceedings relating to prospectus liability.
The companies will also purchase this cover to protect the proceeds of the float / IPO. The premiums can be capitalised and deducted from the float proceeds and therefore are a cost to the actual offering.
Health & Accident Insurance
Group Mediclaim Policy
Any Group/Association/Institution/Corporate body of more than 50 persons can take a group Mediclaim policy. In essence a group health insurance policy is an insurance cover applied for by the employer, with the Insurance Company. The employer would usually bear the entire premium or only a part of it.
This Policy covers (subject to conditions):
- Hospitalization expenses incurred within the country, due to illness/disease &/or due to accident during the Policy period.
- Room, Boarding expenses as provided by the Hospitalization/Nursing Home, and Nursing Expenses. Surgeon, Anesthetist, Medical Practitioner, Consultants, Specialist Fees Anesthesia, Blood, Oxygen, Operation Theater Charges, Surgical Appliances, Medicines and Drugs, Diagnostic Materials and x-ray, Dialysis, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Cost of Pacemaker, Artificial Limbs and Cost of Organs and similar expenses.
Group Personal Accident Policy
Considering the fact that modern-day life is so dangerous, perhaps it would be a good idea to take a look at personal accident insurance policies that are on offer. Accidents that disable can threaten livelihood and accidents that cause death can leave your family in a financial mess. Personal Accident Policies can be helpful in such times. Personal Accident policy provides coverage and security to a person in case of death / bodily injury due to an accident. Organizations take these policies for their employees.
The subject matter insured is the life of the insured. This insurance policy is ideal for insuring a group of people against the risk of any accidental death / injury during the policy period. Broadly, personal accident policies cover you for one or more of four contingencies in the event of an accident: death, permanent total disability, permanent partial disability and temporary total disability. It also covers the loss of your income during the period of temporary disability by payment of additional premium.
If any accidental injury being the sole and direct cause (within 12 calendar months) results in Death/ Permanent total disability, 100% of the Sum Insured will be payable. For permanent partial disability and temporary total disability, the benefits vary from insurer to insurer. Also note that the policy operates on a world wide basis.
Overseas Mediclaim Policy
This policy is for any Indian resident traveling abroad. A corporate frequent traveler can avail a single annual policy. It is mandatory in some Western countries for a visitor to their country to be covered by a Health Insurance Policy. In its absence, he may run the risk of repatriation or quarantining in the airport itself. Medical treatment is expensive overseas and can become a major financial problem in case of any emergency/ accident. Hence, this policy will come in handy in case of any medical trouble abroad.
The policy covers Medical Expenses, Personal Accident, Total Loss of Checked Baggage, Delay of Checked Baggage, Loss of Passport and Personal Liability.
Overseas Travel Insurance
Going abroad? Busy with packing and making arrangements? But in this busy schedule have you ever thought about the contingencies/risks you may face while you are abroad. Contingencies can be a medical emergency or an accident or personal liability? Interestingly, if you look at the insurance packages, what is being offered today is not just health but a comprehensive package that ensures compensation and peace of mind when travelling abroad. Any pretty good travel insurance policy should provide coverage like medical expenses, expenses regarding travel delay, emergency return from journey, 24 hour emergency service assistance, rented car damage, accidental death during the trip, legal assistance or compensation to any baggage delay etc.
Prior to liberalization of insurance sector, the four public sector general insurance companies offered these policies (called Overseas Mediclaim policy or OMP). But now that the insurance sector is opened up most of the general insurance companies are also offering these products.
The policy for corporates is issued for a period of 1 year covering any number of visits within a year with each visit extending to a maximum of 30 days. However maximum period up to which one can be covered varies from company to company.
Life Insurance
Group Term Life Insurance
The plan provides life cover for a group of employees, by paying a lump sum benefit to the beneficiary on the death of an employee. The plan is offered on a yearly renewable basis and is no bonus is declared in this policy.
- Benefits to the Employer
- Attract and retain employees
- Provide welfare benefits to the employees and their families
- Simple administration procedures
- Rider benefits at nominal cost
- Tax benefits
- Benefits to Employees
- Insurance protection at a relatively low cost
- No medical test required in most cases
- Cover is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, anywhere in the world
- Covers Natural as well as Accidental Death
- Tax benefits
Key Man Insurance
In any company only a few individuals make the important decisions. The implementation of these decisions down the line makes or breaks the business. Thanks to their specialized knowledge, skills, vision and business acumen, these are the people who bring higher revenues, profits and loyalty. Skills of a person may not be replaceable, but the business can certainly compensate the financial loss by providing insurance to its key person – THE KEY MAN. The brand power of individuals can sometimes be bigger than that of their organizations. These are individuals who are the most indispensable human asset of an organization.
Thus, it is only natural that the sudden exit of such individuals (for whatever reasons) will not only cause financial distress but also a loss of goodwill – if not permanently, then at least temporarily – till such time that a suitable candidate of the same calibre is found, trained and acclimatized to the work culture of the organization.
Key-man insurance is a life insurance policy taken on the life of a key-man with a view to providing liquidity, financial strength and indemnity to the business organization in case of losses on account of death, absence or exit otherwise of its key-men from the business.
Group Superannuation Schemes
Old-age security is one of the key parameters of gauging the development of an Economy. With the advent of the concept of nuclear family and increasing longevity of human life the issue of old age security further demands higher attention. Life insurance Companies, however, have already taken steps on this path, introducing the superannuation schemes on group platform. GROUP superannuation schemes offered by insurance companies can be a good option for organizations to systematically plan for the increasingly crucial post-retirement days of their employees. A well-crafted plan can place a sizeable corpus in the hands of an employee Superannuation schemes, also known as pension or annuity schemes, are of two types – defined contribution and defined benefit.
Defined Contribution (DC): describes the annual contribution that the employer will deposit into the plan on behalf of each participant. (Here, only the contribution is defined, NOT the pension)
Defined Benefit (DB): defines the amount of the benefit that a participant will receive at retirement. (Normally in Govt. sector, a retiring employee knows how much pension he is going to get till he survives, irrespective of his deposits in Superannuation fund-a huge liability for the employer/Govt). Employees cannot carry DB scheme to the new employer.
Management of Gratuity Fund
As per “The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972”, all employers with employee strength of 10 at the time of inception are statutorily required to pay gratuities to their employees. Gratuity shall be payable to an employee on the following events of his/her employment after he/she has rendered continuous service for not less than five years:
(a) On Superannuation
(b) On Retirement or resignation
(c) On death or disablement due to disease or accident.
Three ways to manage the Gratuity Fund
- Pay to the employees when they leave
- Form Gratuity Fund Trust
- Outsource the management of fund to a Life Insurance Company
It makes sense to outsource it to a Life Insurance Company due to the following reasons:
a) Professional management of the fund, Better Investment avenues and hence better returns
b) Economies of scale (larger volume gets better rates)
c) Ease in administration
d) Total Transparency
e) Annual Actuarial valuation free of cost
f) Maintaining the Books of the Accounts of the Gratuity
g) Filing of Gratuity returns
h) Life Insurance Companies can also provide Life Cover as well as Future Gratuity Cover (anticipated Gratuity earned by the employee till his/her retirement) along with management of Gratuity Fund